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- <text id=93TT2543>
- <title>
- Jan. 03, 1994: The Best Science Of 1993
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Jan. 03, 1994 Men of The Year:The Peacemakers
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE BEST OF 1993, Page 75
- The Best Science Of 1993
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> 1
- </p>
- <p> The Great Gene Hunt. It was an extraordinarily productive year
- for the genetic engineers racing to unravel the secrets of human
- DNA. Scientists not only pinpointed genes linked to more than
- half a dozen major ailments--including Lou Gehrig's disease,
- Huntington's disease, colon cancer, hyperactivity and a type
- of diabetes--but also sketched out the first rough map of
- all human chromosomes. Other researchers explored ways to use
- this information to replace damaged genes. The first beneficiaries
- of "gene therapy"--two Ohio girls who have an immune-deficiency
- disease--made their public debut after three years of successful
- treatment. More than 50 similar experiments are under way.
- </p>
- <p> 2
- </p>
- <p> Hubble Rescued
- </p>
- <p> The Endeavour astronauts played Mr. and Ms. Goodwrench in space--and on live television--performing daring orbital repairs
- on the nearsighted Hubble Space Telescope and giving beleaguered
- NASA a badly needed boost.
- </p>
- <p> 3
- </p>
- <p> Dark Matter Discovered
- </p>
- <p> For nearly a decade, scientists had been searching for dark
- matter--the mysterious stuff whose gravity seemed to hold
- the universe together but which nobody had ever seen. This year
- they found it--or at least some of it--in the form of Jupiter-like
- clumps of matter known as massive compact halo objects, or MACHOS.
- </p>
- <p> 4
- </p>
- <p> Fusion Breakthrough
- </p>
- <p> The hottest place in the solar system--for a few moments--was the interior of a huge doughnut-shaped contraption at the
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, which in a burst of heat and light
- generated more than 5 million watts of energy, a record for
- nuclear fusion and a milestone on the road to making power plants
- fueled by ingredients from ordinary water a 21st century reality.
- </p>
- <p> 5
- </p>
- <p> Fermat's Last Theorem
- </p>
- <p> The puzzler that stumped the world's greatest mathematical minds
- for 350 years was finally solved by Princeton's Andrew Wiles--or was it? Like French mathematician Pierre de Fermat, who
- claimed to have discovered a marvelous proof he couldn't fit
- in the margin of his notebook, Wiles has run into a last-minute
- problem but says he is sure he can resolve it.
- </p>
- <p> 6
- </p>
- <p> Ancient Genes
- </p>
- <p> The premise of Jurassic Park--that material from blood cells
- found in the thorax of a prehistoric fly might be cloned to
- re-create a living dinosaur--was echoed eerily in the science
- journals. Not only did scientists extract bits of DNA from the
- bone marrow of a 65 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex fossil,
- but they also recovered intact DNA from an insect trapped in
- amber back in the Mesozoic era, 130 million years ago.
- </p>
- <p> 7
- </p>
- <p> Biospherians Emerge
- </p>
- <p> They may have been the butt of countless Leno and Letterman
- jokes, but the eight men and women of Biosphere II did what
- they said they would do: they spent two years locked inside
- the world's largest terrarium and managed, despite some pretty
- flaky methodology, to make a significant contribution to ecological
- science.
- </p>
- <p> 8
- </p>
- <p> Human Embryos Cloned
- </p>
- <p> Two U.S. researchers made copies of human embryos and nurtured
- them in a Petri dish for several days. The project was not the
- "cloning" of a Hitler or a Michael Jordan that ethicists and
- science-fiction writers had fantasized about, but it was close
- enough to launch a worldwide debate over whether science had
- finally gone too far.
- </p>
- <p> 9
- </p>
- <p> Mayamania
- </p>
- <p> A series of dramatic discoveries--including four lost cities
- in the jungles of southern Belize--shed new light on the ancient
- civilization of the Maya, which flourished in Central America
- between the years 250 and 900 and then suddenly collapsed, apparently
- the victim of infighting, overpopulation and reckless destruction
- of the rain forest.
- </p>
- <p> 10
- </p>
- <p> Born Gay
- </p>
- <p> What makes people gay? New findings suggested it is not misguided
- upbringing, mental illness or willful choice, as some would
- have it, but an inherited propensity passed on most often on
- the mother's side of the family.
- </p>
- <p> ...And the Worst
- </p>
- <p> Superconducting Supercollider
- </p>
- <p> Big Science took a big hit when Congress finally pulled the
- plug on the Superconducting Supercollider, the 54-mile-around
- atom smasher that was supposed to be the world's largest and
- most sophisticated scientific instrument but is now just a $2
- billion hole in the ground. The SSC was doomed when its projected
- cost escalated from $5 billion to more than $11 billion, making
- it look less like Big Science and more like Big Bloated Bureaucracy.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-